According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 105 square miles, of which, 103 square miles of it is land and 2 square miles of it (2.06%) is water.

Much of Union County is relatively flat and low-lying. Only in the northwestern corner does any significant relief appear as the Watchung Mountains cross the county. It is there that highest elevations, two areas approximately 560 feet above sea level, are found in Berkeley Heights. The lowest elevation is sea level along the eastern shore.

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